Health Risks of Energy Drink Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing Risks of Energy Drink Essay Presentation People need quick outcomes in the bustling day, after exercise, or whatever other movement which expects them to revive themselves. In this way, rather than concentrating on key characteristic ways, for example, rest propensities, improving weight control plans we used to go for certain caffeinated drinks accessible in the market without knowing the upsides and downsides of these beverages identified with our wellbeing. Ongoing investigates on the utilization of caffeinated drinks have demonstrated that the unreasonable utilization of these sorts of beverages can cause serious wellbeing hazard remembering increment for systolic weight, a sleeping disorder, and different other talked about later in the paper. It is the basic wonders that caffeinated drink used to revamp the vitality lost during the activity, which isn't right. Correspondingly, it doesn't help consume calories, neither it speed ups the digestion nor it gives dependable vitality to our body. Caffeinated drinks are the quickest developing refreshments advertise (Bornstein, 2011). Youth is purportedly purchasers more caffeinated drinks than other segment variable. There are different caffeinated drinks accessible in the market focusing on a similar sort of group with various motto and claims. Some have concentrated on competitors, some on adolescents and understudies and so on. Unreasonable caffeine can cause different medical issues, for example, sleep deprivation, butterflies, apprehension, gastrointestinal issues, and heart palpitations. Foundation Statement We see different TV promotions concentrating on red bull, 5-hour ENERGY, beast and so on so are these beverages racked at the grocery stores. Be that as it may, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and UK sedate investigating organizations has announced extreme wellbeing related issues on the utilization of caffeinated drinks. The deals of caffeinated drinks in UK and different pieces of the world is expanding so are the worries after the explores made on this specific subject. Subsequently, the need is to audit the fantasy encompassing caffeinated drinks utilization. What are caffeinated drinks? As per UK soda report (2012), sodas are â€Å"traditional glucose based caffeinated drinks; useful or incitement caffeinated drinks which guarantee a specific jolt of energy from caffeine, Guarani, turbine and ginseng or different herbs or a mix of these ingredients†. The fixings utilized in these caffeinated drinks go about as an energizer to the focal sensory system of our cerebrum. These incorporate caffeine or Guarani and nutrients and so forth. Wellbeing Risk There are different genuine wellbeing dangers related with the utilization of caffeinated drinks. A portion of these wellbeing dangers are examined in this area. Drinking caffeinated drinks with some restraint isn't really hurtful. Over the top utilization of caffeinated drinks containing caffeine, be that as it may, can bring about a similar wellbeing impacts identified with devouring an excess of caffeine, for example, a sleeping disorder, butterflies, apprehension, gastrointestinal issues, and heart palpitations. Like soft drinks, the measure of sugar and void (calories that don't contain supplements) in caffeinated drinks add to poor dietary wellbeing when expended normally. Thus, the effects of these beverages are present moment too long haul. These influences are ordered underneath: Short term influences †¢ Hurts execution †¢ Increased pulse †¢ Abnormal heart musicality and different issues †¢ Crabby †¢ Trouble Concentrating †¢ Negative associations with prescriptions †¢ Increased Blood Pressure Long term influences †¢ Caffeine Addiction †¢ Liver Failure †¢ Sleep Apnea †¢ Kidney Failure †¢ Cardiovascular Disease So, it is smarter to know about these medical problems and don't utilize more than 100mg/day of the caffeine according to wellbeing official suggestion. End After evaluating the fixings, legends, and different elements encompassing the caffeinated drinks it tends to be reasoned that over the top utilization of caffeine for example by devouring more caffeinated drink will absolutely lead us to the few wellbeing dangers which may be present moment just as long haul. In this way, the requirement for the individuals is to get teach themselves, so is the duty of the caffeinated drink makers to caution the clients of the potential wellbeing dangers related with the specific beverage. References Roy-Bornstein, C. (2011). Simply Say No to Energy Drinks. Pediatrics For Parents, 27(7/8), 11. UK soda report (2012) Available at: http://www. britishsoftdrinks. com/PDF/UK%20soft%20drinks%20report%202012. pdf.

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France Essays - Kingdom Of France

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France Essays - Kingdom Of France The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France The French Revolution was a noteworthy achievement in European history, recalled by numerous individuals in chronicled and abstract works. The circumstance in France, for the most part under the authority of Louis XVI, had a negative impact in France, subsequently making a ideal atmosphere for the French Revolution. France was tormented by both obligation, and poor dynamic. preceding 1789. France was destitution blasted and troubled with probably the most elevated obligations. On the what's more, Interior Minister Chretien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (*The monetary starting points of the French upset, pg. 4). Louis presented the absolute generally harsh burdens and founded budgetary changes. More prominent changes were forestalled by the resistance of the high societies and court. This resistance was solid to the point that Turgot had to leave and was supplanted by Jauques Necker. Long wars, the help to the American Transformation and the gross measure of charges paid and the rich spending of the court added to the colossal national obligation. The legislatures budgetary issues were made more awful after 1740 by the reestablishment of exorbitant wars (the French insurgency, pg. 9). The war of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years War (1756-1763) were European wars over the control of focal Europe and pilgrim and business wars among France and Great Britain (*Aspects of the French Revolution pg. ). At their end, in 1763 France had lost practically the entirety of its frontier realm in America and India. In 1778 the French propelled an assault against Britain in the American Revolution. They were wanting to debilitate old competitions and recover lost settlements. The expectations of the French were not understood and their interest in the war expanded an effectively overwhelming national obligation. After Louis XVI conceded monetary guide (1778-81) to the American states rebelling against Great Britain, Necker proposed exceptional assessments on the honorability. Necker had to leave in 1781 (Louis XVI and M. Antoinette ..pg 37) due to the uneasiness of the individuals. Charles Alexandre deCalonne supplanted him in 1783 and acquired cash for the court until as far as possible was reached (* Canadian Reference book ref: france, unrest ). The outrage of the French individuals against charges, obligation and sumptuous spending on the Court brought about the review of Necker in 1788, who still couldn't forestall chapter 11 of the administration. During the following couple of years the monetary emergency consistently declined, in light of the fact that the administration was bankrupt. Louis was compelled to assemble a conference with a representative of the Estates-General, ( an administration gathering comprising of agents of the ministry, honorability and average citizens). Once in the meeting the Estates-General took intensity of the administration. One of different reasons for the national obligation was at the shortcoming of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI was depicted as not excessively clever, frail and unable lord (* Encarta, ref: Louis XVI). Be that as it may, he was clever enough to get cash from the legislature. It was notable that Louis was more worried about his very own issues than with the interests of the court and the individuals. Frequently work exhausted him and he surrendered his work over to his counselors a pastors. He wanted to invest a great deal energy and the people groups cash on unrestrained things, and his significant other. Instead of taking care of past obligations and helping the circumstance, he expanded charges on the laborers and went through more cash, intensifying the problem. By 1787, the national obligation was 112,000,000 livres (* the French Revolution, Albert... pg. 25) and kept on deteriorating, honing the national obligation significantly more. In the time driving up into and during the French Revolution there was class strains, regularly between the honorability and the workers. There were additionally poor living conditions. Some state that these circumstances are not Louis XVIs issue but rather were issues he acquired with the seat. So he can't be accused for the occasions driving into the French Revolution. In this timespan there were class strains. The nobles had all the benefits and rights. The laborers were stepped on from each point. So what made the nobles so attractive? There was excitement, qualification and acknowledgment that the honorable sculptures brought. They had a scope of benefits that they got. Nobles took priority on open events, and conveyed blades. (the French Revolution, sydenham, ..pg 61)They were qualified for a preliminary at an extraordinary courts. They additionally delighted in budgetary points of interest. They paid no obligations on moving primitive property and respectability presented exclusion from the essential assessment, le taille (* Oxford, pg.

More on the Paris Metro

More on the Paris Metro Confusing screens at Chatelet station, Paris The terms almost over! While Im excited for the summer, with a continuation of my January internship at the BNSF Railway in Texas, Ill also be missing some of the great experiences Ive enjoyed this semester. Ill tell you about one of them here. For the past four months, Ive been working with the MIT Design Lab to propose improvements to and new ideas for the metropolitan Paris subway system. (I introduced this to you sometime in February.) Our effort is directly sponsored by RATP, Paris public transit authority, and we met at their corporate offices over Spring Break to present research we had done so far. Technically its a grad class, and yeah the class is about half masters, half PhD students (and then me), but age doesnt matter so much in these things. RATP headquarters (Maison de la RATP/House of RATP) near Gare de Lyon, Paris For the first three weeks or so, we developed ideas independently we urban planners, architects, designers, and MBA students, that is! As you can imagine, we all came up with wildly different stuff, though very interesting in all of its own ways. The workshop began very open-ended: our weekly assignments were literally things like think about the Paris subway system, do a little research, and come up with some ideas about useful improvements and now that youve learned some more about [x], extend your ideas to reflect that new insight. It was really refreshing to just sit back and see what everyone brought to class, and how they were inspired by your previous thoughts, or vice versa. One bright concept could change the direction of the entire term! The professor and instructors took our ideas and split them into four big groups cultural, commercial, learning, and social connection and assigned three to four people from the class to work on each of these four project areas. I had suggested education as a possible use of subway station and train space, so not surprisingly, I was assigned to the learning group. :) Each group then met with Marco Susani, a design director at Motorola whose team developed the RAZR phone. He had some good initial insight about what it means to be mobile, in the sense of exchange of information in a mobile environment like the Metro. The next week, Madame Furstenberg, my French teacher from last semester, came to the class with the director of the MIT-France program to give a crash course on Parisian culture. She pointed out a neat site called Objectif Respect, which RATP created to promote more friendly interactions on Paris buses and subways. :-P (I hadnt seen it, and its worth a click check out the Top 10!) And then in true French style, a wine and cheese reception followed. We arrived in Paris on a Saturday, and our first assignment was to perform an ethnography of the subway during the weekend. We toured the various lines and spent a good two days underground examining everything from the advertising on the walls to poorly designed staircases that disrupt crowd flow. Yeah, they paid for our subway fares. (those red boxes show where on the platform the camera is pointing) We took thousands of pictures of station entrances, train interiors, chairs, vending machines, posters, placards, people walking, and even overflowing trash cans. We sorted through all of this stuff and picked out the 20 or 30 shots that best represented things we wanted to demonstrate. The hotel wasnt too happy with our expropriation of the breakfast room as daily workspace we moved the cups and plates around on the tables to accommodate our laptops, and they made us put them back perfectly as we had found them! For each photo that we selected, we added a caption that explained the phenomenon of interest. (This was a slide explaining something about social interaction and the indirect means we currently use to express ourselves to strangers on the train.) These ethnography images formed the basis of further inquiry for the rest of the semester. We also incorporated many of them in our formal presentations to RATP (which Ill get to shortly). A photo of Madeleine station, under construction On Monday, we enjoyed a tour of the new driverless Line 14, with a visit to its Bercy operations control center at the end. Ive visited operations centers for Amtrak, MBTA, and BNSF, and I can pretty much say that they all look pretty similar. :-P Line 14s was like a mini version, comprising a single room and a few personnel. We broke for a few hours and reconvened at 6pm for a tour of Chatelet-Les Halles, the central hub of the Paris subway network. This involved a tour of not only the station itself, but also the surrounding Les Halles shopping complex and outdoor areas. We spent a fair amount of time underground just walking around, taking pictures, and observing the unique crowd behavior that forms at rush hour. Our midterm presentation to RATP was the next morning, so everyone worked feverishly into the night to incorporate all of the things we had experienced in the preceding days with the research we had done prior to arriving in Paris. Again, we commandeered the hotel breakfast room, though some of us who were still working past 1am were kicked out (!) since the lobby manager was leaving for the night. My group ended up on the stairs! The next day saw us rising early. We didnt expect so many people to be there managers of entire subway lines (1 and 14), directors of entire departments, project managers (like one lady who manages all of the information kiosks in the stations), and even a few graduate students who are interning at the agency. We talked about what we had seen, problem areas to consider, and defined a trajectory for our work going forward. Examples include new navigation systems, ways to make existing signage less confusing, methods to teach history and culture to Metro riders, a system like Craigslists missed connections forum, social games to play with other passengers (like scavenger hunts), and more effective business models for transactions of goods/services within the Metro. Yeah, were intently watching. :P Feedback was given by RATP after each group’s presentation. We were reminded to consider the less technologically savvy customers, and to cater to their needs as well. Additionally, challenges of physical security often limit potential uses of the Metro space. The balance of creativity and security is an especially important one youve got to be able to evacuate tons of people quickly in case of emergency. Many of our ideas focused on platform and residual spaces, without giving enough thought to the spaces within the trains themselves. Also, many slides talked about events or activities involving lots of people â€" but while more people means more potential revenue, the higher traffic also results in services becoming harder to deliver. We gathered some great direction for our future work. After an excellent lunch, we had an ideation session in which the personnel split up between our four project groups for some rapid-fire idea generation. This involved large sheets of butcher paper and hundreds of brightly-colored Post-it notes! (Im not kidding.) When we came back to Cambridge, we began some serious work on refining our proposals, culminating with this past Mondays final review. Ill blog about that soon!

Alternative Fossil Fuel Is Nonrenewable, And It Damages...

As we all know the energy we use form fossil fuel is nonrenewable, and it damages our environment badly. The most energy is used in the industrials (31%), the second is used in transportation (28%), the third is used in residential (22%), and the last is used in commercial (19%). We also know that the more we use fossil fuel, the more greenhouse gas effect to our earth and killing our atmosphere by trap the gases and it make our earth getting warmer and warmer. In this paper will go deep more into the second big use energy which is transportation and how they are going to use the new energy to keep the environment cleaner. However, our world has created a lot of renewable energy such as energy from solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, and nuclear. In fact, the new Bioenergy, which uses household garbage, including food waste, for its fuel could be a great idea to save our natural energies, also less emission on the greenhouse effect, save money instead of wasting it. Biogas is become a great source of renewable energy by convert a large amounts of garbage (wastes from the food industry, kitchen garbage, etc.) are being produced worldwide, and thus, an efficient treatment system for these wastes is crucial to achieve a recycling-based society (Morita M.). Because of its low cost, low environmental impact, low production of residual sludge, and we can use it to make it transfer into biogas for use as an energy source. Nowadays, there are a lots of transportationShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy : The Beneficial Option For The Future !1227 Words   |  5 Pagesoptions which are often referred to as alternative energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that does not come from burning of fossil fuels or pollutant infused methods to provide energy. It is the harnessing of natural resources that are constantly renewable such as sunlight for solar panels and wind for wind turbines, just to name two (Lamb, 2015). 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Fossil fuels have powered economic growth worldwide since the industrial revolution, but they are nonrenewable resources and can severely damage the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the burning of fossil fuels was responsible for 79 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Although efficiency can help reduce emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuels,Read MoreRenewable Electricity : Generating Electricity, Heating And Making The Food That We Eat1300 Words   |  6 Pagescorrelation between carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature is now disputed. There are alternative methods we can use to create electricity such as solar and wind as well as many others. Fossil Fuelled Fire Power Stations: Coal is a vital and natural material as well as a fossil fuel. It is also a nonrenewable resource. Coal is a black rock which was formed millions of years ago. A fossil fuel is a substance made from the remains of many forms of life such as plants and micro Duke energyRead MoreThe Effects Of Renewable Energy On The United States1550 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy In the 1960’s and 1970’s a movement regarding the physical environment began, this movement focused on a few environmental issues and disasters caused directly or indirectly by pollution. As the years progressed, this movement grew into a multifaceted activist movement gaining more attention in the US, more often referred as â€Å"Environmentalism† or â€Å"Environmental Activism†. As the human race realized the physical environment is fragile and thus must be protected, scientists started to look for

Societys Expectations In the Play The Doll´s House Essay

Society’s Expectations As act I of â€Å"A Doll’s House† begins, the scene is set to impress the audience â€Å"with vivid descriptions of a room â€Å"furnished with taste, but nothing too extravagant†. (Ibsen) The first to enter is Nora. Nora walks in with her arms full of bags after shopping, and her husband, Torvald calls from another room to make sure it is her he hears coming through the door. Torvald sets limits on Nora’s spending; he treats her as both a child and a doll. The way in which the characters in the play treat, and react to one another, shows the selfish intentions in which the expectations of society hold of them. The character of Nora’s father was only spoken about throughout the play, but introduced a view of her past and†¦show more content†¦After having used Krogstad to get what she needed, yet another issue arose. Krogstad turned on Nora once his position at the bank was on the line, and used her borrowing a gainst her for his own good. â€Å"Niles Krogstad is also Mrs. Linde’s former crush, and he tries to redeem himself of his crimes of forgery by raising his children† (Rosefeldt). Mrs. Linde married her late husband, because he was â€Å"well off† at the time, and she needed to take care of her mother and two brothers. She tells Nora â€Å"I don’t think I was justified in refusing his offer† (of marriage) (Rosefeldt). It is unclear why her late husband offered a proposal to her, but her actions can be thought of as beneficial to herself, as well as pleasing to him. He wanted a wife, and she needed money. Society plays a role in her character as well. It was expected of the male gender to â€Å"take care of† the woman, only this included the needs of her family as well. â€Å"Christine then offered to help Nora escape her troubles with Krogstad by marrying him (Benedict). Because she did have eyes for him earlier in her life, her intentions seem selfless, but again not for true reasons. In the end, each character has played a role based on the expectations society creates. The men and women all have their own ways of manipulating one another. â€Å"The woman is judged by society under the man’s law (Rosefeldt).† Society’s expectations of woman backShow MoreRelatedA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen870 Words   |  4 Pagessocial standing, upbringing, and class. Through Ibsen’s controversial play the readers learn how society can alter an individual’s identity, affect a lifetime of choices, and establish the foundation for future attitudes. The main leading characters Nora, Torvald, and Krogstad are perfect examples of these effects society has on one’s life. Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House† features Nora, the most prominent character who is also the play s protagonist. From the start, it becomes very evident that Nora is aRead MoreDolls House996 Words   |  4 PagesA Play about Humanism What is Humanism? According to Merriam-Webster, humanism is a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual’s dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason. Humanism is not just about males or just about females; its about humans living as one. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, humanism is shown through every single word and every single detail. A Doll’s House centers on humanism because it demonstrates the search for identityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1444 Words   |  6 PagesIbsen s concerns about the physical and mental oppression of women by male dominance are brought to life in â€Å"A Doll s House†. Through the characterisation of male dominance Ibsen expresses the view that all women possess the right to develop their own individuality, but in â€Å"A Doll’s House† the reality is that their role was often sacrificial. During the late 19th century, when the events of â€Å"A Doll’s House† unfold, women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbandsRead MoreToys Are Not Pop Out Of The Womb With Ideas Of Gender Roles797 Words   |  4 PagesChildren do not pop out of the womb with ideas of gender roles, nor do they have any expectations about their future careers. It is of interest to many that the gender stereotypes and gender roles seen in toys marketed for children highly resembles those seen in adult life. At an early age, many children, especially those in the western world, have already developed ideas about careers and lifestyles suitable for boys or girls. It is obvious that these ideas can be learned through interactions withRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay examples787 Words   |  4 Pages 1 A Dolls House nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dolls House represents a women’s marital life from many years ago. The central theme of this play is Nora’’s rebellion against society and everything that was expected of her. Nora shows this by breaking away from all the standards and expectations her husband and society had set up for her. Women were not considered of importance to their husbands and that made women feel like in a â€Å"dolls house†, such as with Nora and her husband Helmer. InRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1401 Words   |  6 PagesHook In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, Nora transforms from a standard housewife of society to a woman seeking independence. The expectations that society has confine Nora to a strict life in her marriage as she tries to fulfil the roles of mother and wife. 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They cooked, cleanedRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead More Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House During the time in which Henrik Isbens play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. 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Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies Free Essays

[POLICE POWERS: BIBLIOGRAPHY] (a) you are required to complete a (part annotated) bibliography on the topic â€Å"Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies† (annotated): you should describe the relevance of the contents of the materials you find and comment upon them).(b) You must write a paragraph on Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies which contains: one properly referenced quotation, one properly referenced paraphrase of material from one of your identified sources and one sentence of your own composition. Part1: Annotated Bibliography (a) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) eight books – three of which should be annotated. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies or any similar topic only for you Order Now AW Bradley and KD Ewing: Constitutional and Administrative Law (14th edition, Pearson Education 2007) This is the 14th edition of Bradley and Ewing’s authoritative work and deals with the unwritten constitution of the UK and the intricacies of administrative law in great detail. The authors deal with police powers and public assemblies in chapter 24 which includes discussion of the Human Rights Act. They point out that the influence of Human Rights in this area will not change the course of police powers but rather act as a means to prevent their further growth since 9/11. Hilaire Barnett: Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th edition, Routledge Cavendish 2008) This book is the 7th edition of another authoritative work on constitutional and administrative law in the United Kingdom. The author approaches the subject of police control and public assemblies in the second half of the book. Albert V.Dicey: Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (8th edition, Liberty Fund Inc 1982) A.V. Dicey was the foremost British constitutional jurist of his day. For Dicey, there was no specific right of freedom of assembly or association – it was a by-product of the freedom of the individual to do as they wished so far as it was not prohibited by law. Dicey recognised, therefore, that there were limitations to an individuals’ freedom of assembly, but these were â€Å"grounded on the absolute necessity for preserving the King’s peace† (at p.174). Paul Craig: Administrative Law (6th edition, Sweet Maxwell 2008) Ewing, KD and Gearty, CA: The Struggle for Civil Liberties: Political Freedom and the Rule of Law in Britain (Oxford University Press 2001) Helen Fenwick: Civil Liberties and Human Rights (3rd edition, Routledge-Cavendish 2002) Richard Stone: Textbook on Civil Liberties and Human Rights (8th edition, Oxford University Press 2010) David Williams: Keeping the Peace: The Police and Public Order (1st edition, Hutchinson 1967) (b) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) five journal articles three of which should be annotated. Neil Parpworth, ‘Public Assemblies and the Statutory Power to Impose Conditions’ in Justice of the Peace Local Government Law [2000] 164 (20), 376-378 This journal article examines the police powers to impose conditions on public processions and assemblies under the Public Order Act. The article is a case comment on Broadwith v Chief Constable of Thames Valley [2000] Crim.L.R.924 (DC) which concerned s.14(5) and whether a protestor was bound by a Police direction for a prior assembly he had not participated in. Gabrielle Moore, ‘Policing Protest’ in Criminal Law Justice Weekly [2011] 175 (1/2), 12 This journal article argues that individuals are being denied their right to protest with misapplication of the Public Order Act 1986 s.14 (which gives police officers the authority to impose conditions on individuals if they are of the opinion that criminal acts may result from an assembly). Sally Ramage, ‘The Right to Protest: Should Police Charge Demonstrators a Fee?’ in Criminal Lawyer [2009] 192, 1-3 This article looked at the issue of policing for the group of 20 economic summit in London on 1st April 2009 in London and considers the police tactics of â€Å"kettling† and whether this constitutes a deprivation of protestors civil liberties. Michael Connolly, ‘Freedom of Assembly, Freedom of the Person: Advance Notice Imposing Conditions on Public Assembly’ in Journal of Civil Liberties [2000] 5(2), 223-230 G.T Williams, ‘Processions, Assemblies and the Freedom of the Individual’ in Criminal Law Review [1987] March 167-179 (c) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) twenty cases – the most recent of which should be annotated. 1.Carter v Crown Prosecution Service [2009] EWHC 2197 (Admin); [2010] 4 All E.R. 990; This case concerned s.30 of the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 where a police officer with the rank of at least Superintendent has reasonable grounds to believe that members of the public have been intimidate, harassed, alarmed or distressed as a result of the behaviour of two or more members of the public in an area where anti-social behaviour is a problem then authorisation may be given for police officers in uniform to have extra powers. The facts of the case are that in August 2008 the appellant was with a group of other youths who were causing a public nuisance and behaving unacceptably. They were warned by a police patrol not to do so in accordance with a â€Å"dispersal order† but the group, after initially complying, got back together and flouted the order and the appellant was arrested and charged. The case at first instance was decided against the defendants: the magistrates had misinterpreted the legislation and thought that oral evidence of the â€Å"dispersal ord er† equated to authorisation under the 2003 Act. The appellate court overturned the conviction for lack of evidence of authorisation under s.30. 2.Kay v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2008] UKHL 69; [2008] 1 W.L.R. 2723; 3.R. (on the application of Laporte) v Chief Constable of Gloucestershire [2006] UKHL 55; [2007] 2 A.C. 105; [2007] 2 W.L.R. 46; 4.R. (on the application of Singh) v Chief Constable of the West Midlands [2005] EWHC 2840 (Admin); [2006] Po. L.R. 1; 5.R. (on the application of W) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2006] EWCA Civ 458; [2007] Q.B. 399; [2006] 6.University of Oxford v Broughton [2006] EWHC 1233 (Admin); (2006) 103(25) L.S.G. 28 (QBD (Admin)) 7.Austin v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2007] EWCA Civ 989; [2008] Q.B. 660;)) 8. Brogan v United Kingdom (1988) 11 EHRR 117 9. Brown v Stott [2003] 1 AC 681; [2001] 2 WLR 817; [2001] 2 All ER 97, PC 10. Chief Constable of Cleveland Police v McGrogan [2002] EWCA Civ 86; [2002] 1 FLR 707 11. De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink v The Netherlands (1984) 8 EHRR 20 12. Guzzardi v Italy (1980) 3 EHRR 333 13. McQuade v Chief Constable Humberside Police [2001] EWCA Civ 1330; [2002] 1 WLR 1347 A 14. McVeigh, O’Neill and Evans v United Kingdom (1981) 5 EHRR 71 15. Maguire v Chief Constable of Cumbria Constabulary [2001] EWCA Civ 619, CA 16. Osman v United Kingdom (1998) 29 EHRR 245 17. R v Jones (Margaret) [2006] UKHL 16; [2007] 1 AC 136; [2006] 2 WLR 772; 18. R v Kamara [1974] AC 104; [1973] 3 WLR 198; [1973] 2 All ER 1242, HL(E) 19. Thomas v Sawkins [1935] 2 KB 249 20. Duncan v Jones [1936] 1 KB 218 Part2: Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies The control of public assemblies is becoming an ever more contentious issue in light of recent protests against the Coalition Government and their unpopular austerity measures. The Human Rights Act is beginning to filter into our system of protest and assembly but it cannot yet be said to be presenting a challenge to laws which have long held sway[1]. As Bradley and Ewing observe: â€Å"The same vigorous approach to freedom of assembly has not always been adopted in other cases – such as those involving noisy anti-globalisation or angry anti-war protestors. In these cases Convention rights have yielded to other concerns, notably the need to maintain public order under common law rules created long before the enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998†[2]. The student protests of 2010 were another recent example of kettling and the inability of the human rights act to stop the police using excessive force on public demonstrations. [1] AW Bradley and KD Ewing: Constitutional and Administrative Law (14th edition, Pearson Education 2007) at p.598 [2] Ibid at p.598 How to cite Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies, Essay examples

Tank Workpt free essay sample

As you are no doubt aware, we in the academic world are most anxious to prepare you to solve technical problems that may arise in the future. Our Advanced Planning Section has been examining some unusual projected problems and requests your assistance on the particular one described below. Decades from now, the present method of supplying energy to households (i. e. , with electricity, gas, or o11) may not be possible. Instead, housepersons will shop for their energy in supermarkets (Figure P4. 5). Cyhnders of gas (let us ? +llh I Figure P4. 5 assume that the cylinders contain air) may be purchased and connected to any number of Carnot engines or other such efficient devices to be stocked in the home. Work is then obtained which may be utilized by the housepersons family. When purchased, the cylinders are packed in well-insulated bags which may be removed (if desired) when connecting to a work-producing device. We will write a custom essay sample on Tank Workpt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The problem we face is to devise a convenient method to allow the houseperson to compale prices for the various gas cylinders available at the supermarket. The usual size for most cylinders is 1 m3, but the initial air pressure and temperature vary widely. One produced by R. Jones, Jr. is widely advertised to be quite economical, but our analyms indicated that the cylinder contained no air at all[ R. Nader III is expected to object to this deplorable situation and to require that we provide a simple equation to allow housepersons to calculate quickly (on their HP-1001 or equivalent) the unit cost of work energy in joules per dollar knowing only the initial temperature (K) and pressure (N/m2) of the air in the cylinder as well as the selling price. Data: Assume that the ambient temperature and pressure are 300K and 1 ? 105 N/mz. Air has a heat capacity at constant volume of 20. 7 J]mol K, and, at constant pressure, of 29. 0 J/mol K. The gas constant is 8. 314 J/mol K and the gravitahonal acceleration is 9. 81 m]s2. Derive an equation for the unit cost of work energy and demonstrate its application for a cylinder 1 m3 m volume initially at 8 ? 105 N/m2 and 400 K which sells for $0. 32. yIy y] g bH -A portable power [emailprotected] consists of a 28-liter bottle of compressed helium, charged to 13. 8 MPa at 300 K, connected to a small tyrbine During operation, the He drives the turbine continuously until the pressure in the bottle drops to 0 69 MPa.