Health Risks of Energy Drink Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing Risks of Energy Drink Essay Presentation People need quick outcomes in the bustling day, after exercise, or whatever other movement which expects them to revive themselves. In this way, rather than concentrating on key characteristic ways, for example, rest propensities, improving weight control plans we used to go for certain caffeinated drinks accessible in the market without knowing the upsides and downsides of these beverages identified with our wellbeing. Ongoing investigates on the utilization of caffeinated drinks have demonstrated that the unreasonable utilization of these sorts of beverages can cause serious wellbeing hazard remembering increment for systolic weight, a sleeping disorder, and different other talked about later in the paper. It is the basic wonders that caffeinated drink used to revamp the vitality lost during the activity, which isn't right. Correspondingly, it doesn't help consume calories, neither it speed ups the digestion nor it gives dependable vitality to our body. Caffeinated drinks are the quickest developing refreshments advertise (Bornstein, 2011). Youth is purportedly purchasers more caffeinated drinks than other segment variable. There are different caffeinated drinks accessible in the market focusing on a similar sort of group with various motto and claims. Some have concentrated on competitors, some on adolescents and understudies and so on. Unreasonable caffeine can cause different medical issues, for example, sleep deprivation, butterflies, apprehension, gastrointestinal issues, and heart palpitations. Foundation Statement We see different TV promotions concentrating on red bull, 5-hour ENERGY, beast and so on so are these beverages racked at the grocery stores. Be that as it may, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and UK sedate investigating organizations has announced extreme wellbeing related issues on the utilization of caffeinated drinks. The deals of caffeinated drinks in UK and different pieces of the world is expanding so are the worries after the explores made on this specific subject. Subsequently, the need is to audit the fantasy encompassing caffeinated drinks utilization. What are caffeinated drinks? As per UK soda report (2012), sodas are â€Å"traditional glucose based caffeinated drinks; useful or incitement caffeinated drinks which guarantee a specific jolt of energy from caffeine, Guarani, turbine and ginseng or different herbs or a mix of these ingredients†. The fixings utilized in these caffeinated drinks go about as an energizer to the focal sensory system of our cerebrum. These incorporate caffeine or Guarani and nutrients and so forth. Wellbeing Risk There are different genuine wellbeing dangers related with the utilization of caffeinated drinks. A portion of these wellbeing dangers are examined in this area. Drinking caffeinated drinks with some restraint isn't really hurtful. Over the top utilization of caffeinated drinks containing caffeine, be that as it may, can bring about a similar wellbeing impacts identified with devouring an excess of caffeine, for example, a sleeping disorder, butterflies, apprehension, gastrointestinal issues, and heart palpitations. Like soft drinks, the measure of sugar and void (calories that don't contain supplements) in caffeinated drinks add to poor dietary wellbeing when expended normally. Thus, the effects of these beverages are present moment too long haul. These influences are ordered underneath: Short term influences †¢ Hurts execution †¢ Increased pulse †¢ Abnormal heart musicality and different issues †¢ Crabby †¢ Trouble Concentrating †¢ Negative associations with prescriptions †¢ Increased Blood Pressure Long term influences †¢ Caffeine Addiction †¢ Liver Failure †¢ Sleep Apnea †¢ Kidney Failure †¢ Cardiovascular Disease So, it is smarter to know about these medical problems and don't utilize more than 100mg/day of the caffeine according to wellbeing official suggestion. End After evaluating the fixings, legends, and different elements encompassing the caffeinated drinks it tends to be reasoned that over the top utilization of caffeine for example by devouring more caffeinated drink will absolutely lead us to the few wellbeing dangers which may be present moment just as long haul. In this way, the requirement for the individuals is to get teach themselves, so is the duty of the caffeinated drink makers to caution the clients of the potential wellbeing dangers related with the specific beverage. References Roy-Bornstein, C. (2011). Simply Say No to Energy Drinks. Pediatrics For Parents, 27(7/8), 11. UK soda report (2012) Available at: http://www. britishsoftdrinks. com/PDF/UK%20soft%20drinks%20report%202012. pdf.

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France Essays - Kingdom Of France

The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France Essays - Kingdom Of France The Efffects Of Louis 16Th On France The French Revolution was a noteworthy achievement in European history, recalled by numerous individuals in chronicled and abstract works. The circumstance in France, for the most part under the authority of Louis XVI, had a negative impact in France, subsequently making a ideal atmosphere for the French Revolution. France was tormented by both obligation, and poor dynamic. preceding 1789. France was destitution blasted and troubled with probably the most elevated obligations. On the what's more, Interior Minister Chretien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (*The monetary starting points of the French upset, pg. 4). Louis presented the absolute generally harsh burdens and founded budgetary changes. More prominent changes were forestalled by the resistance of the high societies and court. This resistance was solid to the point that Turgot had to leave and was supplanted by Jauques Necker. Long wars, the help to the American Transformation and the gross measure of charges paid and the rich spending of the court added to the colossal national obligation. The legislatures budgetary issues were made more awful after 1740 by the reestablishment of exorbitant wars (the French insurgency, pg. 9). The war of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years War (1756-1763) were European wars over the control of focal Europe and pilgrim and business wars among France and Great Britain (*Aspects of the French Revolution pg. ). At their end, in 1763 France had lost practically the entirety of its frontier realm in America and India. In 1778 the French propelled an assault against Britain in the American Revolution. They were wanting to debilitate old competitions and recover lost settlements. The expectations of the French were not understood and their interest in the war expanded an effectively overwhelming national obligation. After Louis XVI conceded monetary guide (1778-81) to the American states rebelling against Great Britain, Necker proposed exceptional assessments on the honorability. Necker had to leave in 1781 (Louis XVI and M. Antoinette ..pg 37) due to the uneasiness of the individuals. Charles Alexandre deCalonne supplanted him in 1783 and acquired cash for the court until as far as possible was reached (* Canadian Reference book ref: france, unrest ). The outrage of the French individuals against charges, obligation and sumptuous spending on the Court brought about the review of Necker in 1788, who still couldn't forestall chapter 11 of the administration. During the following couple of years the monetary emergency consistently declined, in light of the fact that the administration was bankrupt. Louis was compelled to assemble a conference with a representative of the Estates-General, ( an administration gathering comprising of agents of the ministry, honorability and average citizens). Once in the meeting the Estates-General took intensity of the administration. One of different reasons for the national obligation was at the shortcoming of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI was depicted as not excessively clever, frail and unable lord (* Encarta, ref: Louis XVI). Be that as it may, he was clever enough to get cash from the legislature. It was notable that Louis was more worried about his very own issues than with the interests of the court and the individuals. Frequently work exhausted him and he surrendered his work over to his counselors a pastors. He wanted to invest a great deal energy and the people groups cash on unrestrained things, and his significant other. Instead of taking care of past obligations and helping the circumstance, he expanded charges on the laborers and went through more cash, intensifying the problem. By 1787, the national obligation was 112,000,000 livres (* the French Revolution, Albert... pg. 25) and kept on deteriorating, honing the national obligation significantly more. In the time driving up into and during the French Revolution there was class strains, regularly between the honorability and the workers. There were additionally poor living conditions. Some state that these circumstances are not Louis XVIs issue but rather were issues he acquired with the seat. So he can't be accused for the occasions driving into the French Revolution. In this timespan there were class strains. The nobles had all the benefits and rights. The laborers were stepped on from each point. So what made the nobles so attractive? There was excitement, qualification and acknowledgment that the honorable sculptures brought. They had a scope of benefits that they got. Nobles took priority on open events, and conveyed blades. (the French Revolution, sydenham, ..pg 61)They were qualified for a preliminary at an extraordinary courts. They additionally delighted in budgetary points of interest. They paid no obligations on moving primitive property and respectability presented exclusion from the essential assessment, le taille (* Oxford, pg.

More on the Paris Metro

More on the Paris Metro Confusing screens at Chatelet station, Paris The terms almost over! While Im excited for the summer, with a continuation of my January internship at the BNSF Railway in Texas, Ill also be missing some of the great experiences Ive enjoyed this semester. Ill tell you about one of them here. For the past four months, Ive been working with the MIT Design Lab to propose improvements to and new ideas for the metropolitan Paris subway system. (I introduced this to you sometime in February.) Our effort is directly sponsored by RATP, Paris public transit authority, and we met at their corporate offices over Spring Break to present research we had done so far. Technically its a grad class, and yeah the class is about half masters, half PhD students (and then me), but age doesnt matter so much in these things. RATP headquarters (Maison de la RATP/House of RATP) near Gare de Lyon, Paris For the first three weeks or so, we developed ideas independently we urban planners, architects, designers, and MBA students, that is! As you can imagine, we all came up with wildly different stuff, though very interesting in all of its own ways. The workshop began very open-ended: our weekly assignments were literally things like think about the Paris subway system, do a little research, and come up with some ideas about useful improvements and now that youve learned some more about [x], extend your ideas to reflect that new insight. It was really refreshing to just sit back and see what everyone brought to class, and how they were inspired by your previous thoughts, or vice versa. One bright concept could change the direction of the entire term! The professor and instructors took our ideas and split them into four big groups cultural, commercial, learning, and social connection and assigned three to four people from the class to work on each of these four project areas. I had suggested education as a possible use of subway station and train space, so not surprisingly, I was assigned to the learning group. :) Each group then met with Marco Susani, a design director at Motorola whose team developed the RAZR phone. He had some good initial insight about what it means to be mobile, in the sense of exchange of information in a mobile environment like the Metro. The next week, Madame Furstenberg, my French teacher from last semester, came to the class with the director of the MIT-France program to give a crash course on Parisian culture. She pointed out a neat site called Objectif Respect, which RATP created to promote more friendly interactions on Paris buses and subways. :-P (I hadnt seen it, and its worth a click check out the Top 10!) And then in true French style, a wine and cheese reception followed. We arrived in Paris on a Saturday, and our first assignment was to perform an ethnography of the subway during the weekend. We toured the various lines and spent a good two days underground examining everything from the advertising on the walls to poorly designed staircases that disrupt crowd flow. Yeah, they paid for our subway fares. (those red boxes show where on the platform the camera is pointing) We took thousands of pictures of station entrances, train interiors, chairs, vending machines, posters, placards, people walking, and even overflowing trash cans. We sorted through all of this stuff and picked out the 20 or 30 shots that best represented things we wanted to demonstrate. The hotel wasnt too happy with our expropriation of the breakfast room as daily workspace we moved the cups and plates around on the tables to accommodate our laptops, and they made us put them back perfectly as we had found them! For each photo that we selected, we added a caption that explained the phenomenon of interest. (This was a slide explaining something about social interaction and the indirect means we currently use to express ourselves to strangers on the train.) These ethnography images formed the basis of further inquiry for the rest of the semester. We also incorporated many of them in our formal presentations to RATP (which Ill get to shortly). A photo of Madeleine station, under construction On Monday, we enjoyed a tour of the new driverless Line 14, with a visit to its Bercy operations control center at the end. Ive visited operations centers for Amtrak, MBTA, and BNSF, and I can pretty much say that they all look pretty similar. :-P Line 14s was like a mini version, comprising a single room and a few personnel. We broke for a few hours and reconvened at 6pm for a tour of Chatelet-Les Halles, the central hub of the Paris subway network. This involved a tour of not only the station itself, but also the surrounding Les Halles shopping complex and outdoor areas. We spent a fair amount of time underground just walking around, taking pictures, and observing the unique crowd behavior that forms at rush hour. Our midterm presentation to RATP was the next morning, so everyone worked feverishly into the night to incorporate all of the things we had experienced in the preceding days with the research we had done prior to arriving in Paris. Again, we commandeered the hotel breakfast room, though some of us who were still working past 1am were kicked out (!) since the lobby manager was leaving for the night. My group ended up on the stairs! The next day saw us rising early. We didnt expect so many people to be there managers of entire subway lines (1 and 14), directors of entire departments, project managers (like one lady who manages all of the information kiosks in the stations), and even a few graduate students who are interning at the agency. We talked about what we had seen, problem areas to consider, and defined a trajectory for our work going forward. Examples include new navigation systems, ways to make existing signage less confusing, methods to teach history and culture to Metro riders, a system like Craigslists missed connections forum, social games to play with other passengers (like scavenger hunts), and more effective business models for transactions of goods/services within the Metro. Yeah, were intently watching. :P Feedback was given by RATP after each group’s presentation. We were reminded to consider the less technologically savvy customers, and to cater to their needs as well. Additionally, challenges of physical security often limit potential uses of the Metro space. The balance of creativity and security is an especially important one youve got to be able to evacuate tons of people quickly in case of emergency. Many of our ideas focused on platform and residual spaces, without giving enough thought to the spaces within the trains themselves. Also, many slides talked about events or activities involving lots of people â€" but while more people means more potential revenue, the higher traffic also results in services becoming harder to deliver. We gathered some great direction for our future work. After an excellent lunch, we had an ideation session in which the personnel split up between our four project groups for some rapid-fire idea generation. This involved large sheets of butcher paper and hundreds of brightly-colored Post-it notes! (Im not kidding.) When we came back to Cambridge, we began some serious work on refining our proposals, culminating with this past Mondays final review. Ill blog about that soon!

Alternative Fossil Fuel Is Nonrenewable, And It Damages...

As we all know the energy we use form fossil fuel is nonrenewable, and it damages our environment badly. The most energy is used in the industrials (31%), the second is used in transportation (28%), the third is used in residential (22%), and the last is used in commercial (19%). We also know that the more we use fossil fuel, the more greenhouse gas effect to our earth and killing our atmosphere by trap the gases and it make our earth getting warmer and warmer. In this paper will go deep more into the second big use energy which is transportation and how they are going to use the new energy to keep the environment cleaner. However, our world has created a lot of renewable energy such as energy from solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, and nuclear. In fact, the new Bioenergy, which uses household garbage, including food waste, for its fuel could be a great idea to save our natural energies, also less emission on the greenhouse effect, save money instead of wasting it. Biogas is become a great source of renewable energy by convert a large amounts of garbage (wastes from the food industry, kitchen garbage, etc.) are being produced worldwide, and thus, an efficient treatment system for these wastes is crucial to achieve a recycling-based society (Morita M.). Because of its low cost, low environmental impact, low production of residual sludge, and we can use it to make it transfer into biogas for use as an energy source. Nowadays, there are a lots of transportationShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy : The Beneficial Option For The Future !1227 Words   |  5 Pagesoptions which are often referred to as alternative energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that does not come from burning of fossil fuels or pollutant infused methods to provide energy. It is the harnessing of natural resources that are constantly renewable such as sunlight for solar panels and wind for wind turbines, just to name two (Lamb, 2015). 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Fossil fuels have powered economic growth worldwide since the industrial revolution, but they are nonrenewable resources and can severely damage the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the burning of fossil fuels was responsible for 79 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Although efficiency can help reduce emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuels,Read MoreRenewable Electricity : Generating Electricity, Heating And Making The Food That We Eat1300 Words   |  6 Pagescorrelation between carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature is now disputed. There are alternative methods we can use to create electricity such as solar and wind as well as many others. Fossil Fuelled Fire Power Stations: Coal is a vital and natural material as well as a fossil fuel. It is also a nonrenewable resource. Coal is a black rock which was formed millions of years ago. A fossil fuel is a substance made from the remains of many forms of life such as plants and micro Duke energyRead MoreThe Effects Of Renewable Energy On The United States1550 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy In the 1960’s and 1970’s a movement regarding the physical environment began, this movement focused on a few environmental issues and disasters caused directly or indirectly by pollution. As the years progressed, this movement grew into a multifaceted activist movement gaining more attention in the US, more often referred as â€Å"Environmentalism† or â€Å"Environmental Activism†. As the human race realized the physical environment is fragile and thus must be protected, scientists started to look for

Societys Expectations In the Play The Doll´s House Essay

Society’s Expectations As act I of â€Å"A Doll’s House† begins, the scene is set to impress the audience â€Å"with vivid descriptions of a room â€Å"furnished with taste, but nothing too extravagant†. (Ibsen) The first to enter is Nora. Nora walks in with her arms full of bags after shopping, and her husband, Torvald calls from another room to make sure it is her he hears coming through the door. Torvald sets limits on Nora’s spending; he treats her as both a child and a doll. The way in which the characters in the play treat, and react to one another, shows the selfish intentions in which the expectations of society hold of them. The character of Nora’s father was only spoken about throughout the play, but introduced a view of her past and†¦show more content†¦After having used Krogstad to get what she needed, yet another issue arose. Krogstad turned on Nora once his position at the bank was on the line, and used her borrowing a gainst her for his own good. â€Å"Niles Krogstad is also Mrs. Linde’s former crush, and he tries to redeem himself of his crimes of forgery by raising his children† (Rosefeldt). Mrs. Linde married her late husband, because he was â€Å"well off† at the time, and she needed to take care of her mother and two brothers. She tells Nora â€Å"I don’t think I was justified in refusing his offer† (of marriage) (Rosefeldt). It is unclear why her late husband offered a proposal to her, but her actions can be thought of as beneficial to herself, as well as pleasing to him. He wanted a wife, and she needed money. Society plays a role in her character as well. It was expected of the male gender to â€Å"take care of† the woman, only this included the needs of her family as well. â€Å"Christine then offered to help Nora escape her troubles with Krogstad by marrying him (Benedict). Because she did have eyes for him earlier in her life, her intentions seem selfless, but again not for true reasons. In the end, each character has played a role based on the expectations society creates. The men and women all have their own ways of manipulating one another. â€Å"The woman is judged by society under the man’s law (Rosefeldt).† Society’s expectations of woman backShow MoreRelatedA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen870 Words   |  4 Pagessocial standing, upbringing, and class. Through Ibsen’s controversial play the readers learn how society can alter an individual’s identity, affect a lifetime of choices, and establish the foundation for future attitudes. The main leading characters Nora, Torvald, and Krogstad are perfect examples of these effects society has on one’s life. Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House† features Nora, the most prominent character who is also the play s protagonist. From the start, it becomes very evident that Nora is aRead MoreDolls House996 Words   |  4 PagesA Play about Humanism What is Humanism? According to Merriam-Webster, humanism is a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual’s dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason. Humanism is not just about males or just about females; its about humans living as one. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, humanism is shown through every single word and every single detail. A Doll’s House centers on humanism because it demonstrates the search for identityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1444 Words   |  6 PagesIbsen s concerns about the physical and mental oppression of women by male dominance are brought to life in â€Å"A Doll s House†. Through the characterisation of male dominance Ibsen expresses the view that all women possess the right to develop their own individuality, but in â€Å"A Doll’s House† the reality is that their role was often sacrificial. During the late 19th century, when the events of â€Å"A Doll’s House† unfold, women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbandsRead MoreToys Are Not Pop Out Of The Womb With Ideas Of Gender Roles797 Words   |  4 PagesChildren do not pop out of the womb with ideas of gender roles, nor do they have any expectations about their future careers. It is of interest to many that the gender stereotypes and gender roles seen in toys marketed for children highly resembles those seen in adult life. At an early age, many children, especially those in the western world, have already developed ideas about careers and lifestyles suitable for boys or girls. It is obvious that these ideas can be learned through interactions withRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay examples787 Words   |  4 Pages 1 A Dolls House nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dolls House represents a women’s marital life from many years ago. The central theme of this play is Nora’’s rebellion against society and everything that was expected of her. Nora shows this by breaking away from all the standards and expectations her husband and society had set up for her. Women were not considered of importance to their husbands and that made women feel like in a â€Å"dolls house†, such as with Nora and her husband Helmer. InRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1401 Words   |  6 PagesHook In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, Nora transforms from a standard housewife of society to a woman seeking independence. The expectations that society has confine Nora to a strict life in her marriage as she tries to fulfil the roles of mother and wife. 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They cooked, cleanedRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead More Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House During the time in which Henrik Isbens play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. 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Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies Free Essays

[POLICE POWERS: BIBLIOGRAPHY] (a) you are required to complete a (part annotated) bibliography on the topic â€Å"Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies† (annotated): you should describe the relevance of the contents of the materials you find and comment upon them).(b) You must write a paragraph on Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies which contains: one properly referenced quotation, one properly referenced paraphrase of material from one of your identified sources and one sentence of your own composition. Part1: Annotated Bibliography (a) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) eight books – three of which should be annotated. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies or any similar topic only for you Order Now AW Bradley and KD Ewing: Constitutional and Administrative Law (14th edition, Pearson Education 2007) This is the 14th edition of Bradley and Ewing’s authoritative work and deals with the unwritten constitution of the UK and the intricacies of administrative law in great detail. The authors deal with police powers and public assemblies in chapter 24 which includes discussion of the Human Rights Act. They point out that the influence of Human Rights in this area will not change the course of police powers but rather act as a means to prevent their further growth since 9/11. Hilaire Barnett: Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th edition, Routledge Cavendish 2008) This book is the 7th edition of another authoritative work on constitutional and administrative law in the United Kingdom. The author approaches the subject of police control and public assemblies in the second half of the book. Albert V.Dicey: Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (8th edition, Liberty Fund Inc 1982) A.V. Dicey was the foremost British constitutional jurist of his day. For Dicey, there was no specific right of freedom of assembly or association – it was a by-product of the freedom of the individual to do as they wished so far as it was not prohibited by law. Dicey recognised, therefore, that there were limitations to an individuals’ freedom of assembly, but these were â€Å"grounded on the absolute necessity for preserving the King’s peace† (at p.174). Paul Craig: Administrative Law (6th edition, Sweet Maxwell 2008) Ewing, KD and Gearty, CA: The Struggle for Civil Liberties: Political Freedom and the Rule of Law in Britain (Oxford University Press 2001) Helen Fenwick: Civil Liberties and Human Rights (3rd edition, Routledge-Cavendish 2002) Richard Stone: Textbook on Civil Liberties and Human Rights (8th edition, Oxford University Press 2010) David Williams: Keeping the Peace: The Police and Public Order (1st edition, Hutchinson 1967) (b) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) five journal articles three of which should be annotated. Neil Parpworth, ‘Public Assemblies and the Statutory Power to Impose Conditions’ in Justice of the Peace Local Government Law [2000] 164 (20), 376-378 This journal article examines the police powers to impose conditions on public processions and assemblies under the Public Order Act. The article is a case comment on Broadwith v Chief Constable of Thames Valley [2000] Crim.L.R.924 (DC) which concerned s.14(5) and whether a protestor was bound by a Police direction for a prior assembly he had not participated in. Gabrielle Moore, ‘Policing Protest’ in Criminal Law Justice Weekly [2011] 175 (1/2), 12 This journal article argues that individuals are being denied their right to protest with misapplication of the Public Order Act 1986 s.14 (which gives police officers the authority to impose conditions on individuals if they are of the opinion that criminal acts may result from an assembly). Sally Ramage, ‘The Right to Protest: Should Police Charge Demonstrators a Fee?’ in Criminal Lawyer [2009] 192, 1-3 This article looked at the issue of policing for the group of 20 economic summit in London on 1st April 2009 in London and considers the police tactics of â€Å"kettling† and whether this constitutes a deprivation of protestors civil liberties. Michael Connolly, ‘Freedom of Assembly, Freedom of the Person: Advance Notice Imposing Conditions on Public Assembly’ in Journal of Civil Liberties [2000] 5(2), 223-230 G.T Williams, ‘Processions, Assemblies and the Freedom of the Individual’ in Criminal Law Review [1987] March 167-179 (c) You should identify and properly reference (to exact OSCOLA protocols) twenty cases – the most recent of which should be annotated. 1.Carter v Crown Prosecution Service [2009] EWHC 2197 (Admin); [2010] 4 All E.R. 990; This case concerned s.30 of the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 where a police officer with the rank of at least Superintendent has reasonable grounds to believe that members of the public have been intimidate, harassed, alarmed or distressed as a result of the behaviour of two or more members of the public in an area where anti-social behaviour is a problem then authorisation may be given for police officers in uniform to have extra powers. The facts of the case are that in August 2008 the appellant was with a group of other youths who were causing a public nuisance and behaving unacceptably. They were warned by a police patrol not to do so in accordance with a â€Å"dispersal order† but the group, after initially complying, got back together and flouted the order and the appellant was arrested and charged. The case at first instance was decided against the defendants: the magistrates had misinterpreted the legislation and thought that oral evidence of the â€Å"dispersal ord er† equated to authorisation under the 2003 Act. The appellate court overturned the conviction for lack of evidence of authorisation under s.30. 2.Kay v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2008] UKHL 69; [2008] 1 W.L.R. 2723; 3.R. (on the application of Laporte) v Chief Constable of Gloucestershire [2006] UKHL 55; [2007] 2 A.C. 105; [2007] 2 W.L.R. 46; 4.R. (on the application of Singh) v Chief Constable of the West Midlands [2005] EWHC 2840 (Admin); [2006] Po. L.R. 1; 5.R. (on the application of W) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2006] EWCA Civ 458; [2007] Q.B. 399; [2006] 6.University of Oxford v Broughton [2006] EWHC 1233 (Admin); (2006) 103(25) L.S.G. 28 (QBD (Admin)) 7.Austin v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2007] EWCA Civ 989; [2008] Q.B. 660;)) 8. Brogan v United Kingdom (1988) 11 EHRR 117 9. Brown v Stott [2003] 1 AC 681; [2001] 2 WLR 817; [2001] 2 All ER 97, PC 10. Chief Constable of Cleveland Police v McGrogan [2002] EWCA Civ 86; [2002] 1 FLR 707 11. De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink v The Netherlands (1984) 8 EHRR 20 12. Guzzardi v Italy (1980) 3 EHRR 333 13. McQuade v Chief Constable Humberside Police [2001] EWCA Civ 1330; [2002] 1 WLR 1347 A 14. McVeigh, O’Neill and Evans v United Kingdom (1981) 5 EHRR 71 15. Maguire v Chief Constable of Cumbria Constabulary [2001] EWCA Civ 619, CA 16. Osman v United Kingdom (1998) 29 EHRR 245 17. R v Jones (Margaret) [2006] UKHL 16; [2007] 1 AC 136; [2006] 2 WLR 772; 18. R v Kamara [1974] AC 104; [1973] 3 WLR 198; [1973] 2 All ER 1242, HL(E) 19. Thomas v Sawkins [1935] 2 KB 249 20. Duncan v Jones [1936] 1 KB 218 Part2: Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies The control of public assemblies is becoming an ever more contentious issue in light of recent protests against the Coalition Government and their unpopular austerity measures. The Human Rights Act is beginning to filter into our system of protest and assembly but it cannot yet be said to be presenting a challenge to laws which have long held sway[1]. As Bradley and Ewing observe: â€Å"The same vigorous approach to freedom of assembly has not always been adopted in other cases – such as those involving noisy anti-globalisation or angry anti-war protestors. In these cases Convention rights have yielded to other concerns, notably the need to maintain public order under common law rules created long before the enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998†[2]. The student protests of 2010 were another recent example of kettling and the inability of the human rights act to stop the police using excessive force on public demonstrations. [1] AW Bradley and KD Ewing: Constitutional and Administrative Law (14th edition, Pearson Education 2007) at p.598 [2] Ibid at p.598 How to cite Police Powers of Control of Public Assemblies, Essay examples

Tank Workpt free essay sample

As you are no doubt aware, we in the academic world are most anxious to prepare you to solve technical problems that may arise in the future. Our Advanced Planning Section has been examining some unusual projected problems and requests your assistance on the particular one described below. Decades from now, the present method of supplying energy to households (i. e. , with electricity, gas, or o11) may not be possible. Instead, housepersons will shop for their energy in supermarkets (Figure P4. 5). Cyhnders of gas (let us ? +llh I Figure P4. 5 assume that the cylinders contain air) may be purchased and connected to any number of Carnot engines or other such efficient devices to be stocked in the home. Work is then obtained which may be utilized by the housepersons family. When purchased, the cylinders are packed in well-insulated bags which may be removed (if desired) when connecting to a work-producing device. We will write a custom essay sample on Tank Workpt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The problem we face is to devise a convenient method to allow the houseperson to compale prices for the various gas cylinders available at the supermarket. The usual size for most cylinders is 1 m3, but the initial air pressure and temperature vary widely. One produced by R. Jones, Jr. is widely advertised to be quite economical, but our analyms indicated that the cylinder contained no air at all[ R. Nader III is expected to object to this deplorable situation and to require that we provide a simple equation to allow housepersons to calculate quickly (on their HP-1001 or equivalent) the unit cost of work energy in joules per dollar knowing only the initial temperature (K) and pressure (N/m2) of the air in the cylinder as well as the selling price. Data: Assume that the ambient temperature and pressure are 300K and 1 ? 105 N/mz. Air has a heat capacity at constant volume of 20. 7 J]mol K, and, at constant pressure, of 29. 0 J/mol K. The gas constant is 8. 314 J/mol K and the gravitahonal acceleration is 9. 81 m]s2. Derive an equation for the unit cost of work energy and demonstrate its application for a cylinder 1 m3 m volume initially at 8 ? 105 N/m2 and 400 K which sells for $0. 32. yIy y] g bH -A portable power [emailprotected] consists of a 28-liter bottle of compressed helium, charged to 13. 8 MPa at 300 K, connected to a small tyrbine During operation, the He drives the turbine continuously until the pressure in the bottle drops to 0 69 MPa.

Cat On A Hot Tin Roof Essays - Cinema Of The United States

Cat On A Hot Tin Roof English Literature - 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams. Describe the relationship between Maggie and Brick. When the play opens, we are introduced to a pretty young woman who is shouting. This woman, goes by the name of Margaret, and lets the audience know right from the beginning that if ever she has a problem, she'll let you know about it. As we read through the first Act of this three Act play, we learn very quickly that the relationship between Margaret, and her husband Brick is one sided - with all the effort coming from Maggie. It is clear their relationship wouldn't be considered 'normal' because of their attitudes towards each other, or rather, Brick's attitude towards his wife. The first few pages indicate that Maggie is extremely talkative, with Brick hardly being able to get a sentence in edgeways, however, it later becomes apparent that Brick isn't all too bothered about getting his view across to his loquacious wife. The first conversation we see take place between Brick and Maggie - well, conversation in that Maggie went on and on and Brick would occasionally answer. The conversation concerns Brick's sister's children, or the no-neck monsters as Maggie so eloquently calls them. She moans about her nieces and nephews for quite a while with Brick asking 'without interest', What are they up to, Maggie? This conversation drags on for a while, with Maggie complaining about the children running around and screaming their heads off. However, what is most interesting about the entire, long-winded conversation is that Brick shows no interest in either Maggie, or what she has to say. He almost seems fed up and indifferent to anything she mentions. When it comes to discussing the children's parents - Brick's sister and brother-in-law, Mae and Gooper, we learn Maggie's feelings on this particular subject, as Maggie likes to make her views known. She thinks they've simply brought the kids round to show off to Brick's father, Big Daddy and to show up the fact that Maggie and Brick are totally childless and therefore totally useless! She lets us know her thoughts by telling Brick it's so obvious what they're up to! and when he finally appears from out of the bathroom he says to Maggie No, I don't know what they're up to. as if he couldn't care less either. She finally lets us all know what she thinks Mae and Gooper are plotting, she tells Brick, they're up to cutting you out of your father's estate and then drops the bombshell -Now we know Big Daddy's dyin' of - cancer? As an audience, we expect Brick to take to the news badly, however, his only reaction is to ask Do we?Know Big Daddy's dyin' of cancer? When Maggie tell him that they received the report just that day, he simply says Oh? This now only leaves us to believe that Brick doesn't care who benefits from the inheritance money, but more importantly, isn't all that bothered about his father's inevitable death. We can only assume that if he does care, and is upset about it, he doesn't want to let Maggie know, even though she is his wife. This gives off a huge sense of distance between them. Maggie continues to talk and talk for another page at least, with Brick laying down on his bed, and then rolling over carefully on his side. This laid back attitude gives off a strong sense of not caring at all. He seems to dismiss everything his wife says, only asking Did you say something, Maggie? Brick's absent remarks are always lacking of any attention whatsoever. In this relationship, the only one who seems to have any problems with silences is Maggie. It is almost as if the silences are so deafening for her that she has to fill them, even if it is with her own voice. Her non- responsive husband never seems to notice how much she talks because he's never paying any attention to her. It is as if he's living in his own world, and she just happens to be there. There are even times when Brick will be looking straight through Maggie,

Free Essays on Gender And Sexuality

It shouldn’t matter what gender you are. You should have the same rights if you are a man or a woman. Homosexuals and Heterosexuals should be treated the same. Men don’t have to be tough to be men. One shouldn’t be looked down on because it’s not â€Å"right.† That’s how it is in America, right? Wrong, women are not treated as equals in society today, and homosexuals are looked down on. These articles inform us of how women’s inequality came about, how heterosexual’s came to be, and why men are so masculine. The first article, â€Å"In a Male-Centered world, Female Differences are Transformed into Female Disadvantages,† talks about how women are not less capable to do what men do, they are just different. They are different from men in a â€Å"male-centered world.† Everything revolves around males, therefore all policies and practices fit men’s criteria and not women. Women have to struggle in this world because it is male based. Pregnancy was taking off the disability-insurance package because it is â€Å"unique to woman,† but prostate cancer, which only men can get, is included in the package. This article made me mad. I guess me being a girl, I am a little biased. I never really thought of the reason why women struggle is because we live in such a man’s world. I think that is very true. I believe women were forced into this lifestyle because everything is based on men and there structure. How can we compete over something that is made for a man? It’s almost impossible because men are already better equipped for the job. It is true that because of all this, women’s differences are changed into disadvantages. It is not right. The next article, â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender,† talks about how sports, technology, and bathrooms are based around males. Ninety-two percent of sports coverage on television is male. When women started doing more and more athletic competitions, supposedly ... Free Essays on Gender And Sexuality Free Essays on Gender And Sexuality It shouldn’t matter what gender you are. You should have the same rights if you are a man or a woman. Homosexuals and Heterosexuals should be treated the same. Men don’t have to be tough to be men. One shouldn’t be looked down on because it’s not â€Å"right.† That’s how it is in America, right? Wrong, women are not treated as equals in society today, and homosexuals are looked down on. These articles inform us of how women’s inequality came about, how heterosexual’s came to be, and why men are so masculine. The first article, â€Å"In a Male-Centered world, Female Differences are Transformed into Female Disadvantages,† talks about how women are not less capable to do what men do, they are just different. They are different from men in a â€Å"male-centered world.† Everything revolves around males, therefore all policies and practices fit men’s criteria and not women. Women have to struggle in this world because it is male based. Pregnancy was taking off the disability-insurance package because it is â€Å"unique to woman,† but prostate cancer, which only men can get, is included in the package. This article made me mad. I guess me being a girl, I am a little biased. I never really thought of the reason why women struggle is because we live in such a man’s world. I think that is very true. I believe women were forced into this lifestyle because everything is based on men and there structure. How can we compete over something that is made for a man? It’s almost impossible because men are already better equipped for the job. It is true that because of all this, women’s differences are changed into disadvantages. It is not right. The next article, â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender,† talks about how sports, technology, and bathrooms are based around males. Ninety-two percent of sports coverage on television is male. When women started doing more and more athletic competitions, supposedly ...

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Plagiarism - Essay Example I acknowledge the fact that I have copied word-for-word but most of the text was not paraphrased or copied at all. In no way did I mean any disrespect for the work and the ideas laid down by the writers and reproduce it as my own creation. I apologize again for the plagiarized portion of my paper as I did not intentionally indulge in this activity. I am student with different cultural background and English writing is not my forte at the moment. I am having problems in writing assignments because I have problems in paraphrasing texts from books because of my English and for the said reason I copied word for word. In my home country, the teaching and writing practices taught to us are very different. There is no concept of plagiarism therefore we could copy word-for-word without referencing it. Due to different cultural backgrounds I am trying to understand the learning styles of this country and this reputed institute. I did not use the two required materials as I was unable to find the relevant material. I acknowledge the fact that I did not conduct an extensive research regarding the materials as I was under medication. In addition to my health position, I had to complete my papers and reports on other subjects. In the midst of these activities I was unable to time myself appropriately and draw up a proper time table. Although this sort of act does not justify my actions still I am deeply sorry for what I have done. Following my act of plagiarism in regards to the prima facie case, I have been summoned to attend a counseling meeting.

Historic Preservation and the Imagined West Essay - 3

Historic Preservation and the Imagined West - Essay Example What had been original downtown areas went into decline as growing populations demanded more space, modern buildings, as well as roads and highways that take them there. Chasing the In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a renewed interest in urban renewal. According to Morley, three cities that she examined determined that what was old could be revitalized and made useful and profitable. Much of the trend towards this renewal (translation: rewriting) of history was started by Dana Crawford in the mid 1960s, before whose time urban renewal meant erasing the past and rebuilding a future vision. These efforts resulted in many historic structures being torn down and destroyed. Unfortunately, although Crawford and her group did save some historic buildings, much of the revitalization she accomplished was of Denver’s sports mania. If General William H. Larimer, an early settler of the area and for whom the street is named were to return, the only way he would recognize what today’s preservationists call Larimer Street would be if he was a Broncos fan. Soon after the Larimer Street project started showing signs of success, Crawford took her preservation carpetbag to other areas of the city, most notably the southern downtown area. As the profit news spread, other areas such as Albuquerque and Seattle took note. As with Denver, Albuquerque and Seattle also saved a few historic buildings in their utopian visions, but for all their efforts to save history and work with what is, Morley says that they failed to make authentic places (Morley 16). Albuquerque, for example, saved several old residences, churches, and commercial structures in the Old Town. Seattle’s Pioneer Square was the old central part of the city, but a trip through the Pike Place market, where hundreds of vendors loudly hawk their wares is as Morley describes it, â€Å"an honest place in a phony

Pel Company History

Pel Company History Pak Elektron was setup in 1956 as a Public Limited Company with the object of initially producing transformers, switchgears, and electric motors. AEG experts and PEL personnel carried out the designing and production of this equipment jointly. After the conclusion of joint venture agreement with AEG Saigol Group acquired the PEL COMPANY in October 1978. The company floated its shares to the general public and was listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE). In 1980, Appliances Division was established and in 1981 its starts the production of Window Type Air Conditioners with the technical collaboration of General Corporation of Japan. This air conditioner was well received in the market for its quality. Subsequently in 1987 the production of Refrigerators and Deep Freezers was started. In 1993 the company has started the assembly of Compressors for Refrigerators and Deep Freezers under technical collaboration with Messrs. NECCHI COMPRESSORI of Italy. It was in early 70s that PEL became known in overseas markets due to its quality. The company started its export to countries like Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar etc. Later on PEL supplied electrical equipments to various other countries in the Middle East, Far East and Africa with great success. 1.2 Vision To providing engineering goods and services through continuous improvement 1.3 Mission Statement To provide quality products services to the complete satisfaction of our customers and maximize returns for all stakeholders through optimal use of resources, To focus on personal development of our employees to meet future challenges, To promote good governance, corporate values and a safe working environment with a strong sense of social responsibility CHAPTER NO 2 BUSINESS OPERATIONS This chapter has been divided in five section, Section one described the product in which PEL deal. In second section business operation analysis are given. In section third SWOT analysis is given. In fourth section future strategy is given. In fifth section competitive analysis is given. 2.1 Organizational Structure 2.1 Division of PEL There are two division of PEL: Power Division Appliances Division This division is comprised for four departments. 2.1.1 Power Division The most powerful revenue generating business unit of PAK Elektron, produces Transformers, Switchgears and Energy Meters for the public sector such as KESC Karachi Electric Supply Corporation, LESCO and PESCO. They provide these three products: Production Transformers Production Switchgears Production Energy Meters During the year 2006, PEL retained its market leadership in the Power Equipment market, increasing its market share from 33% in 2005 to 36% in 2006 in the switchgear market and also maintained share of 35% in 2006 as well in the energy meters market. PELs leadership in the Power Equipment market is largely due to its strong Research and Development knowledge and high product quality. 2.1.1.1 Production Transformers PEL has vast experience in design and manufacturing of standard and special purpose transformers up to 33kV and up to 6000kVA ratings. PELs transformers have been successfully type tested for Impulse voltage and short circuit tests at KEMA, (Holland), HVSC Lab, Rawat (Pakistan), NIP (Pakistan) and UET (Pakistan). 2.1.1.2 Production Energy Meters Another successful and most powerful department of power division is its energy meter production department that manufactures Electro-mechanical Energy Meters under license from ABB-USA.The quality of PEL meters has been certified by KEMA Laboratories (Holland) and conforms to IEC 521, SGS Yarsley, and U.K, has certified PEL Energy Meter plant for ISO 9002. Following types of meters are manufactured: Electro mechanical Single phase Three phase_ Direct connected STATIC /DIGITAL Single Phase Three Phase Directed connected 2.1.1.3 Production Switchgears Switchgears are one of the highly technical and specialized power products of PEL. They are produced for indoor and outdoor installations complying with international installation standards. A major customer for this product is WAPDA. The Company provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and other customers. In Switchgear, PEL enjoys market share of 33 % while competitors are Alstom, Siemens and Fico. 2.1.1.4 Power Transformers Owing to massive growth in power sector, demand for power transformers is also growing proportionately for all ratings from 66KV to500 KV. PEL has stepped into this activity by starting the manufacturing of 132 KV transformers, being the most demanded rating, and for these purposes has formed a strategies partnership by signing the two agreements. Based on the demand forecast of Power Transformers for WAPDA, KESC and other projects, PELs market share is initially targeted to be 20%, growing in five years. 2.1.2 Appliances Division The Appliances Division of PEL is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in Pakistan. The Divisions product portfolio comprises of air-conditioners, refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens, and split air-conditions. PEL is one of the three leading players in the home appliances market. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and/or marketing of the following home appliances. The Companys Appliances Division contributed significantly to its sales in 2005-06. The main reasons for this growth are increase in market sizes along with PELs strong brand image accompanied with its extensive dealership network spread nationwide with over one thousand outlets and an after sales service network with over 100 workshops. Another major reason for the increasing growth in the home appliances market is the easy availability of consumer financing at lower interest rates. PEL itself is involved in selling its products through a marketing wing for sales against consumer financing. Availability of Chinese products at very competitive prices has not proven to be that big a threat to the local industry. This is because of the improved quality of the local products and cost efficiencies due to economies in product and raw material purchases hence making the local products competitive with the Chinese imports. In 2005-06, the Appliances Division contributed around 53%to the Companys sales whereas the Power Division made up the remaining 47%. Refrigerators and Split air conditioners were the main source of revenue in the Appliances Division, whereas transformers and energy meters are the main revenue drivers in the Power Division. The Appliance Division accounted for 44% of Net Sales during the year ended June 30th 2007. Refrigerators and Split air conditioners were the main source of revenue in the Appliances. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and/or marketing of the following home appliances. Manufacturing Trading Refrigerators Microwave Ovens Air Conditioners (Split) Conditioners (Window) Deep Freezer Floor Standing ACs Generators Washing Machines 2.2 Business Process Analysis (Industrial Analysis) 2.2.1 Transformers PEL has vast experience in design and manufacturing of standard and special purpose transformers. New technical designs for improved efficiency and quality against special orders of non-standard transformers are continuously being explored. These transformers are available for various applications. Distribution Transformers Auto Transformers Furnace Transformers Welding Transformers Transformers are normally supplied in a period of 3 4 months after the receipt of orders from respective distribution companies of WAPDA and varied supply time for private customers. The Company provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and private sector customers. 2.2.2 Energy Meters PEL manufactures three types of energy meters; Single Phase and Poly Phase. The electro-mechanical energy meters are manufactured under license from ABB of USA. The quality of PEL meters has been certified by KEMA Laboratories of Holland. PEL meters are superior than others due to their ability to lower revenue losses through accurate precise operation and reduction of maintenance expenses. Single Phase energy meters provide maintenance-free operations over a long period and accurate measurement of electrical energy. Poly Phase energy meters improve load performance and precision accuracy. The meters require minimum maintenance and can withstand abuse from surges and magnetic tampering. Three phase digital electronic meter with dual tariff capability recently launched and supplies to WAPDA has begun this year. Energy meter orders from WAPDA are received annually and their supply period is 9 -10 months. Energy meters to KESC are supplied in a period of 3 4 months. The Company provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and Others. 2.2.3 Switchgears Switchgears are one of the highly technical and specialized power products of PEL. They are produced for indoor and outdoor installations complying with international installation standards. A major customer for this product is WAPDA. The Company provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and other customers. 2.2.4 Refrigerators PEL Refrigerators were introduced in 1987 with features such as VCM (Vinyl Coated Metal) coating; stylish finishing and auto drain systems. PEL refrigerators carry compressor made by Danfoss of Germany. The low noise compressor is extremely silent and keeps the refrigerator running smoothly. Furthermore, the compressor is resilient to fluctuations in voltage level, thereby proving to be a more durable product. PEL is actively involved in the manufacturing and trading of refrigerators, which is a major source of consistent growth. The refrigerators business contributes to 48% of the Companys sales and this trend is expected continue in years to come (which is reflected in the figures for 2005-06 in the table below). 2.3 SWOT Analysis 2.3.1 Strengths PEL has the following strengths and is in more competitive position in these areas than its competitors. Following are the main strong points of PEL. 2.3.1.1 Strong Brand Image PEL has created the strong brand image in the mind of the customers through higher quality and low price. The customers of the PEL always prefer to buy the PEL home appliances like WRAC split AC and refrigerators whenever they wanted to buy. 2.3.1.2 Strong Dealer Network It is also the plus point for the PEL that it has also developed the strong dealer network in the market. The dealers are always trying to sell the PEL appliance to the customers because they know there are high margin in the PEL products. They can get more money after selling the PEL products. The management of PEL also provides more incentives to their dealers than their competitors 2.3.1. 3 Free Customer Service PEL provides free customer service for one year to its customers. So the customers always buy the PEL products due to its free service and it becomes loyal customer for the PEL. PEL always provides help to their customers for repWRAC, Refrigerators and other items. PEL always make efforts to satisfy the customers. 2.3.1. 4 M Arket Leader In WRAC (Window Room Air Conditioner) It is another strong point that PEL is a market leader in WRAC. The window room air conditioner is more demanded by the customers than its competitors air conditioners because it has more durability in operating systems and cools the room in few minutes. PEL always strives to provide the innovative features in WRAC. PEL air conditioner is cheaper and has a higher quality than others WRAC. Thats why customers always purchase the PEL window air conditioner. 2.3.1.5 Leader In Power Division In Pakistan the PEL is almost leader in power division. Almost all power division are provided by PEL to wapda. 2.3.2 Weaknesses Overcome on these weaknesses then it can become a market leader in the home appliance. Like other companies PEL has some weaknesses in operating the business. If PEL loses some competitive edge in the following points: 2.3.2.1 Lack Of Advertisement PEL was a very lack of advertisement according to other appliances companies. So it is a big weakness of PEL. 2.3.2.2 Lack Of Product Range PEL has introduced more products of consumer items but there are more needs to develop new consumer items like PEL washing Machines, Vacuum cleaner and other items. Due to lack of product Range, Company cannot earn more profit because consumers have high demand of these products and they say that if company is investing in these products then we can keep all PEL items and we never need to keep others company products. 2.3.2.3 Financial Problems Sometimes PEL faces the financial problems because its stocks are so much piled up in the stores that create the problem of cash flow because when the stocks are not sold and the production is in process for 24 hours a day than the company faces such problems. 2.3.3 Opportunities For the PEL there are more opportunities for expansion the business. If PEL realize that opportunities then it will be more fruitful and profitable for the company. 2.3.3.1 Exploration of Market In Pakistan PEL has the opportunity to explore the market in all over the Pakistan. Even though PEL introduce its products in all cities of Pakistan but there are so many places that have the capacity to absorb the PELs products. 2.3.3.2 Increase in Product Range It is the main opportunity for the PEL that it can increase its product range that will be a more profitable for the company. There are more needs to develop new consumer items like PEL washing Machines, Vacuum cleaner and other items. Due to lack of product Range, Company cannot earn more profit because consumers have high demand of these products. 2.3.3.3 Export Opportunity PEL Company has also the opportunity to export their products in other international countries like UAE, SAUDI ARABIA, and other Arabic and African countries. 2.3.4 Threats PEL Company in such a competitive era has many threats as well. These threats are for the present situations and future. Company should make its policies and strategies according to these threats. So following are the main threats for the PEL: 2.3.4.1 Strong Competition There is very strong competition for the home appliance in the market. So every company tries to come in the number 1 position for achieving the maximum shares in the market. 2.3.4.2 Chinas Product Chinas products are another threat for the Pakistani companies because these products are cheaper than the Pakistani products. An even china product not well in quality but it is comparatively in low prices than the consumers home appliance that are manufactured by the indigenous company. 2.3.4.3 Price War As there is stiff competition in the home appliance market that will cause the price war. So every company reduces the prices of its products to increase the sales. It will not only reduce the profit margin of the company but also reduce the quality of products. So price war is the main threats for all the companies, which are operating in these products. 2.3.4.4 Instability Of Government The rapid changes in governments will become threats for the companies because every government adopts its own policies for the industries. So it increases the uncertainty for the investors who want to invest heavy amount in their new projects. 2.4 Future Strategy PEL is one of the most widely recognized brands in the domestic refrigerator market. It is the second largest local manufacturer and one of the leading brands. For the past four years the Companys market share growth averaged 2% per annum. With continuous efforts in RD, PEL is concentrating on quality of product and cost minimization. The Company is considering technical collaboration for value addition through planned capital expenditures. Increased sales of manufactured refrigerators coupled with sales of split air conditioners are the major factors contributing growth in the appliances business. Other products are also being introduced as a part of Companys strategy to broaden its product range. 2.5 Competitive Analysis The prices are concerned PEL is charging reasonable prices to its customer for all of its microwaves comparatively from others. Prices charged by National, which is a multinational firm, are very higher in comparison with others because it uses special Japanese parts in its microwaves and ensures high quality and performance and only rich class shows interest in National Products. According to the retailers information, people are satisfied with the prices charged by PAK Elektron but still their preferences go along with Dawlence microwaves because of its highly created awareness. CHAPTER NO 3 LEARNING AS STUDENT This chapter has been divided into four sections In section one, I have discussed my duties as a internee during internship, In the second section, I mentioned accomplishments, In the third section I briefed my problems which I faced during internship and in the last and fourth section I offered that how this internship experience impact on my carrier. 3.1 Learning and Duties In finance department there are three sections. Corporate section Leasing and pledge Budgeting 3.1.1 Corporate Section In corporate finance I worked in different units. Firstly, I learned that how letter of credit works in PEL. 3.1.1.1 L.C Section I started working for the Letter of Credit Section. They gave me an introduction and shared important points. Mr. Asad, Senior Executive supervised me in this section. Letter of Credit: A document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an permanent payment undertaking. The letter of credit can also be source of payment for a transaction, meaning that redeem the letter of credit will pay an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies.The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. There are different types of LC: a) L.C at Sight: In L.C at sight, Our Company opens an L.C in a bank which provides a guarantee to the exporter that he will pay the due amount. Now, the exporter takes these documents to his bank and asks the bank to give him money so that he can start working on the required contract. When he fulfills the contract, he goes to his bank and provides the required documents to prove that he has fulfilled the contract. Now his bank sends these documents to our bank and our bank ask us to confirm the clarity of the documents and if cleared then these documents are called cleared documents. Then lastly we will pay the bank the due amount. b) Usance L.C: In usance L.C the contract between the two parties require the importer to pay in a longer term e.g. 3 or 6 months after receiving the material from exporter. Our bank will pay the contract amount after the agreed period. c) INLAND LCIn land LC means LC open in a same country. 3.1.1.2 Guarantees I started working on the Guarantees, Leasing, Finance against Merchandise and Cash Financing Section. They just gave me an introduction and shared important points. Mr. Tahir Mahmood, Senior Executive supervised me in this section. Guarantees Section: Secret behind PELs success and increasing market share is its guarantees section that actively works to get every order either for appliances or for power of the company by speedily participating for the contract with the help of Tender Bonds of Guarantees. Types of Guarantees Tender guarantee ( Bid guarantee ) Balance of payment guarantee Advance payment guarantee Performance bond guarantee 3.1.1.3 Long Term Loans PEL acquired a long-term loan to finance the import of machinery. Recently PEL has purchased some machinery from China for Digital Energy Meters. The process for long-term loan is explained in following. Preparation OF Feasibility Report: Following points are considered while preparing the feasibility report. Financial Statement Cost of the project. This includes operating assets (land, building, Vehicles, furniture, capital expenditure and means of finance) Project profit and loss account Projected statement of changes in financial position. Financial Analysis Pay back period of total investment Ratio analysis Breakeven analysis Schedules Sales forecast statement Total production cost. Working capital Loan repayment schedule Bank Feasibility Report Bank studies the feasibility report and prepare report and prepare its own feasibility report to see where it would be feasible to sanctioned loan to company or not. Offering the Letter: The bank, if it is satisfied with the feasibility report then send offering letter. It has, Amount sanctioned Mark up rate Charge over fixed assets Tenor Installment periodS Interest payment period Acceptance If company accepts the terms, it must respond with this period. Negotiation: Negotiation between bank and company takes place to change certain conditions of offer letter and it acceptable for both parties. A second draft of the offer letter is prepared with changes and signs of bank and CEO OF PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED. Creation of Charges: A charge is created in favor of the bank to secure its loan with following documents affidavit. It is an undertaking by the company that will follow all conditions. Form 10. It contains the particulars of assets against which charge is created. All the above documents are submitted with registrar against whom a Certificate of Registration of Mortgage is issued. Types of charges Exclusive Ranking Pari passu Loan Repayment Schedule: This schedule is prepared to show the mark up principal and total installment value for whole tenure. 3.1.1.4 PRE-Shipment Pre-shipment is the last section of the finance department. The pre-shipment report may be summarized in the following 5 tasks which are as follows: Tender Bidding Acceptance Purchase order Inspection 3.1.2 Leasing Section This section works in order to fulfill the corporate production, personnel and operational needs such as Machineries, Auto Mobiles and office equipments. It enters into the Buying Contracts always with the one who offers best terms and conditions as well as the best Internal Rate of Return to the Company. 3.1.2.1 Direct Leasing In case of auto mobiles, a bank makes the pay order and gives it to the dealer on the behalf of firm. Firm pay the principle plus interest in installment to bank. PEL can do leasing with AL-Baraka bank. They paid approximately 15%interes on them. 3.1.2.2 Indirect or Machinery Leasing Machinery is imported from china and other countries e.g. USA etc. incase of imported machinery PEL has an LC opened by particular bank. The LC issuing bank deals with the exporters bank and makes payment to it. In machinery dealing the import department of the company is involved. Import department informs finance that they do not have enough funds to make a lump sum payment of machinery, and then leasing facility is used. A third bank called the leasing bank (from whom PEL takes leasing facility) makes payment to issuing bank and acquires papers of the machinery. PEL then makes regular lease payments to the leasing bank and finally acquires the papers of the machinery. Leasing bank also sends external auditors to PEL to verify whether the machinery is actually of the value quoted, whether it is in proper condition, durability of the machinery etc. 3.1.2 Working Capital Finance This type of loan is secured against: Pledge Hypothecation 3.1.2.1 Pledge It may be constructive or actual. Constructive pledge is that in which goods are not taken by bank rather keep them in companys good own under its own security. In case of actual pledge, bank holds the possession of goods. Logistics: The logistics department comprises a part of the finance department. It is headed by Mr. M. Hanif and further consists of a senior accounts officer, two junior executives and two accountants. The basic task carried out by the persons working in the logistics section is: daily check on production daily check on stock (materials and finished goods) controlling the production plan for the future control on orders in hand Materials imported by PEL basically remains in bank custody. The bank makes payments for these materials to the foreign suppliers and releases them to PEL as per payments by them. The bank further higher mucaddam companies/clearing agents to watch over and monitor these materials. The materials are generally store in PEL premises. Material requirement for appliances and power good manufacturing are different hence their requisition are also different. PEL uses cash financing and various other credit facility provided by the bank. Raw materials are imported using the different financing facilities. Materials are then use to make finished goods. The materials when enter the production cycle a term as work-in-process (WIP). WIP is hypothecated and loans taken against it. Then a portion of finished goods produced are further pledged and payments for raw materials are made through it. The whole procedure must be carried out in a timely way with correct information reaching at the right time from factory to material section, so that materials may be requested and obtained at the right time without delay. 3.1.2.2 Hypothecation Of Stock In this the finance is given on work in process goods. 3.1.3 Budgeting Section Getting started from the first day after formal introduction of staff, MR. Masood Tahir, Manager Finance PEL assigned task to Mr. Amer Khawaja (Manager Budgeting) and Sheikh Zaigham Ali (Finance Executive) Finance Budgeting section of my supervision. Forecasting for next year He told me management prepared Sales plan Production plan Material purchase plan Direct labor F.O.H ( factory overhead) Selling expense /administrative expense Other income Financial cost Mr. Zaigham told me PEL has two Divisions 1st Power Division, which deals in the manufacturing of Distribution Transformers Power Transformer Power Project Electric meters Switch gears 2nd Appliances Division includes production of Refrigerators, Deep freezer, Micro-wave Ovens, Splits AC. Trading items (Imported goods) water dispensor, washing machine, window AC, T .V, Generator. Sales Plan Sales plan made by marketing department for appliance and power division. Forecasting Base on last five year sales which is approved by marketing G.M. Types of Sales Export sales ( Afghanistan , India) C.M.D ( Consumer marketing department e.g Govt employees ) Corporate sales ( Institutional e.g hospitals , colleges etc ) Private sales ( for bankers , G.M reference 50% discount ) Metro / Makro sales Production Plan Production plan made model wise for refrigerator, split AC, microwave oven and deep freezer. Material Purchase Plan For material purchase PEL open L/C. Direct Labour: Decide labor quantity required. Labor rate decided. Other Income Scrap sales B pair goods Financial Cost mark -up on borrowing demrage cost ( pay extra amount after exceeding the shipment days ) The beginning of every year with the help of forecasts and then latterly throughout the year they compare it with the actual transactions of these two divisions. I did Afterwards, he showed me the budgets of both divisions which are prepared at some price and cost calculations of Transformers for him and I also did different ratio analysis based on last year results. Then, I was assigned to compare the production budget of refrigerator section of the production department with the actual results yet achieved which I performed and show to him the variances till date. 3.2 Problems Encountered There was no such problem but at same time it was very confusing because they mostly prefer to tell orally rather to practical work that make us ambiguous in some manner when we want to learn more and more. 3.3 Accomplishment we were keen to know about different section of finance department specially in LC opening (letter of credit) how to get loan from banks and why made pledges. We frequently analyses the Lc. 3.4 How Experience Impact On My Career During my internship I learned lot of knowledge that is helpful in my future planning and future career. I learned how to interact with senior management and get their experience that is helpful in my career. Due to my internship habit of regularity and punctuality. 3.5 Knowledge Acquired I had chance of acquiring a lot of new knowledge because it was my first professional experience of working real world of financial brainstorming. It was great experience that how plans and decisions are made executed. It elaborate that how risk involve in each step of decision making and how efficiently management cope up themselves with their competenciese. Conclusion In the nutshell, I want to bring some new idea that PEL should initiate some social benefit programs and try build their Goodwill by participating in the society. I found that the people while purchasing for a certain item take great i

Essay --

Mrs. Kasper AP Literature 10 February 2014 â€Å"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom,† urged Aristotle. Wisdom contains many qualities that are valuable to have. These qualities are experience, knowledge, and good judgment. These traits and abilities are essential in insight and understanding that attribute to an effective person. Wisdom is a virtue that develops as one is able to learn from experiences and mistakes. However, the wisdom that Aristotle believed in went beyond the average wisdom of being able to understand concepts or have insight different from others. The wisdom Aristotle believed in was practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the ability to do the right thing, at the right time, for the right intent. According to Aristotle, this virtue is what makes all the other virtues a possibility. It is practical wisdom that gives one the ability to change one’s flaws because it is a characteristic that is bound with action and reason. It is the ability to have the information and apply it corre ctly. Along with the ability of understanding others, also comes self-awareness, and with the ability to apply action, one can develop and change for the better. In the novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, Charlotte Lucas possesses limited self-awareness; she is aware of the consequences that can come from her choices, but doesn’t choose to apply action for her own self-contentment. Mr. Bennet is also aware at times of his behavior, which is evident through his intelligence and wit, but doesn’t choose to take action, therefore lacking practical wisdom. Through the various conversations and narrations, Austen takes a resolute stand about the need for men to not only understand others, but to know oneself enough to turn we... ...ove his lack of responsible action, and Charlotte Lucas’s inability to take action on achieving contentment, serve as character foils to Elizabeth, illuminating her ability to evaluate her mistakes and take action for the better good. Bennet dismissed his chance to change not because he couldn’t, but because he did not want to. Although he was an intelligent man, it does no good to be smart if one cannot apply intelligence towards self-awareness and towards applying action in turning foibles into strengths Charlotte, also an intelligent character, failed to apply a balance of reasoning and action in her decision, sacrificing a lifetime of happiness for comfort and economic stability. Therein lies the value of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice: It emphasizes that in life, self-awareness is nothing, unless action and reasoning are used in every opportunity to change.

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Paper

As a child develops, the surroundings and people they interact with can have an impact in their development. Bronfenbrenner is a developmental psychologist who created the bioecological model of human development. The purpose of Bronfenbrenner’s model is to analyze the different connections humans make in the process of socialization. The bioecological model consists of four main areas â€Å"in which relationships and interactions take place to form patterns that affect human development† (Berns, 2013, 2010). The patterns that are formed from the relationships an interactions being created can be either positive or negative influences that can affect human development. The first system is the microsystem; in this system children are directly affected by the interactions they encounter â€Å"in a particular small setting† (Berns, 2013, 2010). For instance, family, school, peers, media, and their community are part of a child’s microsystem. The second system is the mesosystem; in this system the mesosystem is reflected in the microsystem due to the connections it creates with the child’s small settings. An example of this can be the child’s community collaborations which influences the child’s development. The third system is the exosystem; in this system the settings in which the child is not directly involve, yet the child is still affected in their microsystem. For instance, the child’s parents’ work can affect the child do to financial problems or stressed. The fourth system is the macrosystem; in this system â€Å"the society and subculture to which the developing person belongs, with particular reference to the belief system, lifestyles, patterns of social interaction, and life changes (Berns, 2013, 2010). For example, being part of a religion influences your life and therefore your human development as well. Indeed, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model depicts the human development in these four basic structures. This essay will explain my own reflection of my childhood and the influences from each of the ecological systems. Microsystem: As Berns states, â€Å"the family is the setting that provides nurturance, affection, and a variety of opportunities†¦the primary socializer of the child in that it has the most significant impact on the child’s development † (Berns, 2013, 2010). In my case, my biological mother was not able to provide â€Å"nurturance, affection, and a variety of opportunities† and therefore affected my development. My mother’s inability to provide these essential elements affected my stability in my life. Berns explains that â€Å"this early disadvantage will persist and even worsen as the child progresses through school unless intervention, such as that provided by some quality child-care programs, can modify the opportunities at home and in school† (Berns, 2013, 2010). My personal stability worsen as I developed, but it was able to get modified at some point in my life do to my adoption. My adopted parents were able to provide those essential elements and therefore helped me established a normal stable life. Further, Bern claims that â€Å"teachers encouraged the development of various skills and behaviors by being role models and by providing motivation for children to succeed in learning† (Berns, 2013, 2010). My ninth grade teacher, Miss. Dotson influenced my life directly. She was able to provide motivation in my life in the sense of being able to succeed in my learning in order to attend college and receive good grades. She became my role model and I wanted to be just like her, a teacher. I began to realize that having an education was essential as my life developed because without one, my life would be a disappointment. Due to her support and motivation, I was able to become the student that I am today. Moreover, Bern states that â€Å"the community, or neighborhood on a smaller scale, is the main setting in which children learn by doing† (Berns, 2013, 2010). Growing up, I did not live in the safest community which influenced my views of where I lived. I remember that the only thing I wanted to do was to move to a safer place. The noises of sirens and police caused feared in me and I did not want to conform to continue leaving in an environment like that. As I grew older, I knew that I wanted to move away as soon as I was able to. When I had the chance to do so, I did and I was able to experience a safer community and a better life. From this, I learned that the communities we reside in can have significant influences in our lives. Mesosystem: Schools ability to bring forward guest speakers can have influences in the students. For instance, while attending an ASB camp, I was able to meet this great guest speaker who influenced my own life. I may not remember his name, but I do remember the words he said that inspired me to change my life around. He was the product of abusive parents and although he went through some hardships while growing up, he decided to change his life around and not end up in drugs, gangs, or any kind of trouble. His speech thought me that although I was abused; I had the chance and power to change my life around too. I was able to become a successful young woman in my academic development and I am still striving for the best. What I learned from this experience was that guest speakers and schools connection to my life was very influential in my development. Having the opportunity to attend my fifth grade field trip-science camp, I realized that it had an impact in my development. Being away from home for a couple of days, made me realized how important the care of my family was at that time. Going to school for a couple of hours a day was different than being away from home for a couple of days. The interrelationship between my family, the school, and the field trip was interesting because I did not know how it felt to be away from my family. The realization of this instigated me to appreciate both my family and my school more than I thought I did. As Bern states, â€Å"the more numerous the qualitative links or interrelationships between the child’s microsystems, the more impact they have on socialization† (Berns, 2013, 2010). Therefore, the impact of appreciation of my microsystem also made an impact in my socialization skills as to what situations to appreciate at certain times. After leaving my house for college, I had to move in with one of my aunts in San Diego. Although I was no longer living at home, I still visit my family. During this change, I had to cope with two different life styles. For instance, living with my aunt I had different duties and responsibilities that I did not have at home. However, when both families got together I knew how to behave in both scenarios. This experienced helped me understand behavior in my life. I no longer behave one certain way because I developed ew behaviors depending on the setting I was in. Exosystem: As Berns states, â€Å"the exosystem refers to settings in which children are not active participants, but that affect them in one of their microsystems† (Berns, 2013, 2010). In my case, my father’s job was something that affected me. For instance, his stress level was always high and therefore he tended to be upset most of the time. Also, he did not have enough play time with me like I would of like to. Although I never went to his job, it still affected my development. I remember while growing up, my sister and I tended to avoid my father since we did not have that connection with him like we did with our mother because she was a homestay wife. As seen, parent’s jobs can have major impacts in a child’s microsystem. Another example that also affected my microsystem was school budget cuts. Although I was not directly involved with the school board, their decisions affected my microsystem. For instance, my freshman and sophomore year of high school the school did not hired a professional cheer coach due to budget cuts. This affected our ability to learn new techniques and therefore compete. During this time, we had to teach ourselves what we knew and the overall performance of our squad was not to the standards of a high school cheerleading team. From this, I learned that outside decisions of our school board really had an impact in our school, but most importantly us, the students. Furthermore, social services impacted my life in the sense of the process of my adoption. For instance, having to go through the hardships of getting adopted was already a struggle, but the process itself was even harder. In addition, I remember just wanting to have a family to love and care for me, yet I had them in front of me and I could not be with them. Social services were not something I directly had a connection with, yet they still impacted my development throughout those years. During that time, my emotions were unstable because I knew the family that was trying to adopt me loved me, but the process was too long to wait for. Macrosystem: Berns explains that â€Å"the fourth basic structure is viewed as patterns, or sets of instructions, for exosystems, mesosystems, and microsystems† (Berns, 2013, 2010). For instance, when I started my freshman year of college, I was persuaded into joining a sorority on campus. When experiencing the different things that one has to do in order to be part of their subculture, I notice that I was beginning to develop new beliefs, different social interactions, different lifestyle, and most importantly my life was changing dramatically. These changes were beginning to affect my other systems. The person I was becoming was someone I did not expect to be and therefore, I decided to drop out of it and enjoy the person that I truly am. Another example that was part of my exosystem was when I was part of my high school cheerleading squad. Being part of this subculture I developed a whole new lifestyle. I remember saying that cheer was what I woke up to, did most of the day, and dreamed all night about. It sure was not easy being a cheerleader since I also had to manage my academic achievement and my role as a daughter. At times, cheerleading affected my ability to communicate with my parents because I would leave early in the morning and did not get back home till about eight or nine o’clock at night. As seen, our macrosystem can have significant influences in our other systems due to its connection it creates. As a Latino woman, we identify ourselves with our race and culture. We share similar characteristics and beliefs that other races and cultures don’t. Due to this, being Latino is part of my macrosystem. Growing up I knew my family was different than some of my classmate’s families. For instance, some of my classmates did not speak Spanish and did not eat the same things that I did. Also, they did not celebrate the same things I did. For this reason, my race made me different and I learned to appreciate who my family and I were. Conclusion: Indeed, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model depicts the four systems that help our human development. Overall, I learned that depending on the child’s life, their socialized abilities can either be broken or created, but at the end each interaction they make affects the socialization skills they develop throughout their lives. Reflecting upon the different systems and how they directly impact one’s life, has changed my views in the way socialization takes part in our lives and how I develop new interactions with others in my development as a human being.